Science and Golf III is the ultimate one-volume source on current research about the game-from how to play better, to selecting the best equipment, to the latest advances in golf course design, and more!
The book includes 92 articles that were presented at the 1998 World Scientific Congress of Golf held at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. The conference was approved and grant-aided by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews and the United States Golf Association.
Part I, The Golfer, is composed of 50 chapters geared toward male and female golfers of varying ages and abilities. Topics include
• golf swing techniques, • golf education programs, • golf psychology, • golf exercise and injuries, and • class and gender in the world of golf.
Part II, Equipment, contains 23 varied studies on golf equipment, including
• golf ball construction, • golf ball flow characteristics, • golf club design, • rebound effect in metal woods, • clubhead speed, and • effects of golf shoe tread types.
Part III, The Golf Course, contains 19 articles on subjects such as
Packed throughout with figures and tables, Science and Golf III is an all-encompassing resource for golf science information for everyone from sports science researchers to anyone else with an interest in and love for the game.
About the Editor
Martin R. Farrally is the director of the World Scientific Congress of Golf Trust. He was the director of the 1990 and 1994 World Scientific Congress of Golf. Mr. Farrally is a senior lecturer in sports science at the University of St. Andrews. The author of two books for the National Coaching Foundation, he was coeditor of Science of Golf II. Mr. Farrally is a member of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences and the British Association of Sports Medicine.
Alastair J. Cochran, for 15 years the technical advisor to the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, is a part-time consultant on golf. He has been involved in the study of golf science for nearly 40 years. The editor of Science and Golf I and Golf the Scientific Way, he also was coeditor of Science and Golf II. Mr. Cochran served as director of the first comprehensive study of golf, held in the early 1960s, and was cowriter of the book, The Search for the Perfect Swing.
Table of Contents
Sponsors and Patrons Authors' Names and Addresses Preface
Part I. The Golfer
Chapter 1. A Three-Link Mathematical Model of the Golf Swing A.B. Turner & N.J. Hills
Chapter 2. A Mathematical Swing Model for a Long-Driving Champion M.G. Reyes & A. Mittendorf
Chapter 3. A Kinetic Analysis of the Knees During a Golf Swing C.J. Gatt, Jr; M.J. Pavol; R.D. Parker, & M.D. Grabiner
Chapter 4. Golf Swing and Skill K. Watanabe; S. Kuroki; M. Hokari, & S. Nishizawa
Chapter 5. A Kinematic Analysis of Foot Force Exerted on Soles During the Golf Swing Among Skilled and Unskilled Golfers K. Kawashima; T. Meshizuka, & S. Takeshita
Chapter 6. The Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Flexibility on the Clubhead Speed of Recreational Golfers D. Jones
Chapter 7. Golf: Exercise for Fitness and Health G. Magnusson
Chapter 8. Physiological Profiling and Physical Conditioning for Elite Golfers H.M. Lennon
Chapter 9. Golf Injuries in Scotland M.J. McNicholas; A. Nielsen, & R.P. Knill-Jones
Chapter 10. The Epidemiology of Golf Injuries in Victoria, Australia: Evidence From Sports Medicine Clinics and Emergency Department Presentations C. Finch; C. Sherman, & T. James
Chapter 11. Low Back Injury in Elite and Professional Golfers: An Epidemiologic and Radiographic Study H. Sugaya; A. Tschiya; H. Moriya; D.A. Margan, & S.A. Banks
Chapter 12. Back Pain Among Junior Golfers R.J. Leigh & D.B. Young
Chapter 13. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Performance Enhancement in the Aging Golfer: A Preliminary Study N. Haller, D. Haller, D. Herbert, & T. Whalen
Chapter 14. Psychomotor Disability in the Golf Swing: Case Study of an Aging Golfer P.R. Thomas
Chapter 15. A Small-Scale Local Survey of Age-Related Male Golfing Ability J. Lockwood
Chapter 16. The Influence of Age on Lumbar Mechanics During the Golf Swing D.Morgan, H. Sugaya, S. Banks, H. Moriya, & F. Cook
Chapter 17. The Effects of Age on the Performance of Professional Golfers S.M. Berry & P.D. Larkey
Chapter 18. An Overview of Psychological Techniques Used for Performance Enhancement in Golf B.Y.B. Lee
Chapter 19. Stress Responses and Performance in Intercollegiate Golfers G.S. Krahenbuhl, J. Harris, J. Stern, D.J. Crews, & N. Hubalik
Chapter 20. Goal Orientations and State Goals: Research in Golf and Implications for Performance K. Kingston & A. Swain
Chapter 21. Psychophysiological Indicators of Confidence and Habituation During Golf Putting D.J. Crews, R. Lutz, P. Nilsson, & L. Marriott
Chapter 22. Using "Swing Thoughts" to Prevent Paradoxical Performance Effects in Golf Putting R. Jackson & R.J. Willson
Chapter 23. Attentional Interference as Motor Program Retrieval or as Available Resources and the Effects on Putting Performance N. Anthony
Chapter 24. Peak Putting Performance: Psychological Skills and Strategies Utilized by PGA Tour Golfers P. Beauchamp
Chapter 25. Senior Women of Lower and Higher Golf Handicaps: Factors Predicting Golf Scores K.T. Thomas
Chapter 26. Senior Women With Lower and Higher Golf Handicaps: How Psychological and Physical Characteristics Relate to Performance J.R. Thomas & K.T. Thomas
Chapter 27. Who Chokes and When? Situational and Dispositional Factors in Failure Under Pressure D.E. Linder, R. Lutz, D. Crews, & M. Lochbaum
Chapter 28. Superstitious and Routine Behaviours in Male and Female Golfers of Varying Levels of Ability V.C. Melvin & M.A. Grealy
Chapter 29. Match Play and Stroke Play Myths: Do Elite Amateur Golfers Play the Course or the Person? V.J. Aitken
Chapter 30. The Effects of Traditional and Learning-Centred Golf Instruction on Skill Development and Attitudes Toward Golf R. Lutz
Chapter 31. Mathemagenic Behaviours of Golfers: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives R. Coop
Chapter 32. Teaching and Sustaining the Child Player P.M. Donnelly
Chapter 33. Psychological and Psychomotor Approach to the Development of Junior Golfers W. Ellis, R. Filyer, & D. Wilson
Chapter 34. Variable and Constant Practice: Ideas for Successful Putting M. Guadagnoli & W. Holcomb
Chapter 35. The Routines and Rituals of Expert Golf Instruction K. Baker, P.G. Schempp, B. Hardin, & B. Clark
Chapter 36. The Antecedents of Expertise in Golf Instruction P.G. Schempp, J.A. You, & B. Clark
Chapter 37. The Knowledge Acquisition of Expert Golf Instructors P.G. Schempp, C. Templeton, & B. Clark
Chapter 38. Irish Golf Club Professionals: A Training Needs Analysis E.P. Young, J. Granaghan, & E.S. Wallace
Chapter 39. Expansion of Golf Education Programs and Protection of Professional Golf Associations D.H. Zakus
Chapter 40. Skirting the Issue: Women, Gender, and Sexuality in the Golfing World M. Haig-Muir
Chapter 41. Behind the Image: Class and Gender in the World of Golf J.E. Senyard
Chapter 42. The Americanization of Golf: 1888-1914 G.B. Kirsch
Chapter 43. Joe Kirkwood, Orientalism, and the Globalisation of Golf B. Stoddart
Chapter 44. Golf and Italian Fascism R.J.B. Bosworth
Chapter 45. Indications of Performance Momentum in Competitive Golf: An Exploratory Study L.M. Landsberger & P.H. Beauchamp
Chapter 46. Hole Size, Luck, and the Cruelty of Putting: A Thought Experiment on the Impact of Quantization in Golf L.M. Landsberger
Chapter 47. Yardage Rating by the Curve F. Scheid
Chapter 48. All Around Improvements P. Larkey & A.A. Smith
Chapter 49. A Bivariate Probability Model for Putting Proficiency D. Tierney & R.H. Coop
Chapter 50. Analysis of Performance in the Open Championship 1892-1997 T. Hale & G.T. Hale
Part II. Equipment
Chapter 51. History and Construction of Non-wound Golf Balls R.D. Nesbitt, M.J. Sullivan, & T. Melvin
Chapter 52. The Curious Persistence of the Wound Ball J. Dalton
Chapter 53. The Effects of Golf Ball Construction on Putting L.D. Lemons, M.B. Stanczak, & D. Beasley
Chapter 54. Mechanical Interaction of the Golf Ball With Putting Greens M. Hubbard & L.W. Alaways
Chapter 55. Observations on the Wake Characteristics of Spinning Golf Balls M.B. Stanczak, L.D. Lemons, D.E. Beasley, & J.A. Liburdy
Chapter 56. Flow Characteristics of a Golf Ball Using Visualization Techniques K. Aoki, Y. Nakayama, T. Hayasida, N. Yamaguti, & M. Sugiura
Chapter 57. The "Row Effect" Anomaly in the 336 Octahedron Dimple Pattern S. Aoyama
Chapter 58. Golf Ball Spin Decay Model Based on Radar Measurements G. Tavares, K. Shannon, & T. Melvin
Chapter 59. Use of Finite Element Analysis in Design of Multilayer Golf Balls G. Tavares, M. Sullivan, & D. Nesbitt
Chapter 60. Methods for Developing New Polymers for Golf Ball Covers R.J. Statz & J.F. Hagman
Chapter 61. Club Face Flexibility and Coefficient of Restitution A.J. Cochran
Chapter 62. Golf Ball Rebound Enhancement S. Johnson & J.E. Hubbell
Chapter 63. Optimum Design of Golf Club Considering the Mechanical Impedance Matching T. Yamaguchi & T. Iwatsubo
Chapter 64. Experimental Determination of Golf Ball Coefficients of Sliding Friction E.A. Ekstrom
Chapter 65. Experimental Study of Golf Ball Oblique Impact S. Johnson & E.A. Ekstrom
Chapter 66. Computational and Experimental Analysis of the Golf Impact A. Hocknell, R. Jones, & S.J. Rothberg B. Chapter 67. The Initial Trajectory Plane After Ball Impact K. Miura & F. Sato
Chapter 68. Clubhead Speed and Driving Distance: 1938 Vs. 1998 R. Stewart
Chapter 69. Golf Club and Ball Fitting Using Launch Condition Measurements D.C. Winfield
Chapter 70. A Study of Clubhead Speed as a Function of Grip Speed for a Variety of Shaft Flexibility T. Miao, M. Watari, M. Kawaguchi, & M. Ikeda
Chapter 71. Does It Matter What Driver You Use? T. Hale, P. Bunyan, & S. Squires
Chapter 72. Ground Reaction Forces in Regular-Spike and Alternative-Spike Golf Shoes K.R. Williams & B.L. Sih
Chapter 73. The Effects of Golf Shoe Tread Types on Putting Green Quality G. Hamilton, J.S. Gregos, D.S. Sinkus, L.P. Tredway, & A.E. Gover
Part III: The Golf Course
Chapter 74. Scientific Approach to Golf Course Design M. Hurdzan
Chapter 75. An Architect's Name-What's It Worth? M. Judge
Chapter 76. Golf Course Provision, Usage, and Revenues in Scotland R.J. Price
Chapter 77. Golf Tourism: Measurement and Marketing M.G. Williamson
Chapter 78. Golf Course Development in Japan II: Business in the Period of Depression S. Takeshita, T. Meshizuka, K. Kawashima, & H. Zaitsu
Chapter 79. Closing the U.S. Golf Facility Supply Gap: A Geographic Analysis of Metropolitan Change, 1988-1997 J.F. Rooney, G.A. Finchum, & H. White
Chapter 80. The Home of Golf: the Role of St. Andrews in Scottish Golf Tourism S. Lawther & M.G. Williamson
Chapter 81. Organic Amendments for Sand-Dominated Golf Green Rootzones A. Cook & S.W. Baker
Chapter 82. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Suppression of Poa Annua Ssp. Reptans in a Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green A.H. Bruneau, F.H. Yelverton, J. Isgrigg, & T.W. Rufty
Chapter 83. Comparative Assessments of Turf Characteristics and Stress Resistance for Three Cynodon Hybrids Used on Putting Greens J.B. Beard & S.I. Sifers
Chapter 84. Water Release Curve Evaluation of Golf Green Construction Materials and Field-Collected Samples D.K. Otto, C.R. Dixon, & S.B. McWilliams
Chapter 85. Agrostis Cultivar Characterizations for Closely Mowed Putting Greens in a Mediterranean Climate P. Croce, M. Mocioni, & J.B. Beard
Chapter 86. Long-Term Differences in Thatch Development, Soil Bulk Density, and Water Infiltration in Bentgrass Fairway Turf Related to Core Aerification Methods and Intensity S.E. Brauen, W.J. Johnston, & R.L. Goss
Chapter 87. Relative Effectiveness of Soil Acidification and Pesticide Application as Methods of Control Earthworm Casting on Golf Courses S.W. Baker, D.J. Binns, & A. Cook
Chapter 88. Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of Golf Course Pesticides on Golfers M. Kenna
Chapter 89. Dynamics of Heathland Conservation on a Golf Course A.C. Gange
Chapter 90. The Importance of Environmental Management for Golf D. Stubbs
Chapter 91. The Passion for Green: Experimental Insights Into the Power of Golf's Primary Color Over the Mind of the American Golfer J.R. Hansen
Chapter 92. The Role of Golf Clubs in the Conservation of Scotland's Natural and Cultural Heritage J.A. Smith
Index
Audiences
Reference for sport scientists; golfers; golf coaches; equipment manufacturers; and golf course designers, planners, and maintainers.
